G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlik<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlilik, bir ki\u015finin bir g\u00f6revi tamamlama veya bir hedefe ula\u015fma yetene\u011fine olan inanc\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Kendine g\u00fcveni ve ki\u015finin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme, \u00e7evreyi etkileme ve bir hedefe ula\u015fma konusunda motive olma becerisini i\u00e7erir.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar okul, i\u015f, ili\u015fkiler ve di\u011fer \u00f6nemli alanlar gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlarda ve alanlarda \u00f6z yeterlili\u011fe sahip olabilirler.<\/p>\n Bir zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, aya\u011fa kalk\u0131p hedefinize ula\u015fabilece\u011finizi hissediyor musunuz yoksa ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa m\u0131 teslim oluyorsunuz?\u00a0Klasik \u00e7ocuk kitab\u0131ndaki lokomotif gibi misiniz (\u00abSan\u0131r\u0131m yapabilirim, san\u0131r\u0131m yapabilirim!\u00bb) ya da belki de aya\u011fa kalkma ve hayat\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcze \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelme yetene\u011finizden \u015f\u00fcphe duyuyorsunuz?\u00a0Engellere ra\u011fmen devam etme e\u011filimindeyseniz, muhtemelen y\u00fcksek derecede \u00f6z yeterlili\u011finiz vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlilik \u00f6nemlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendiniz hakk\u0131nda nas\u0131l hissetti\u011finiz ve ya\u015fam hedeflerinize ula\u015fmada ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z konusunda rol oynar. \u00d6z-yeterlik kavram\u0131, Albert Bandura’ n\u0131n g\u00f6zlemsel \u00f6\u011frenme, sosyal deneyim ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 belirleyicili\u011fin ki\u015filik geli\u015fimindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulayan sosyal bili\u015fsel teorisinin merkezinde yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bandura’ ya g\u00f6re \u00f6z-yeterlilik, ki\u015finin tutumlar\u0131ndan, yeteneklerinden ve bili\u015fsel becerilerinden olu\u015fan benlik sisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sistem, \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlar\u0131 nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve bunlara nas\u0131l tepki verdi\u011fimiz konusunda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar. \u00d6z-yeterlilik, bu benlik sisteminin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlili\u011fin temelleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Albert Bandura’ya g\u00f6re, \u00f6z-yeterlik \u00abki\u015finin potansiyel durumlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in gerekli eylemleri organize etme ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme yetene\u011fine olan inanc\u0131d\u0131r.\u00bb\u00a0\u00d6z yeterlilik, bir ki\u015finin belirli bir durumda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma yetene\u011fine olan inanc\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Bu t\u00fcr inan\u00e7lar, insanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hissetti\u011fini belirlemede rol oynar.<\/p>\n Bandura’n\u0131n 1977’de \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an makalesini yay\u0131nlamas\u0131ndan bu yana, \u00ab\u00d6z-yeterlilik: Davran\u0131\u015f De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Birle\u015ftirici Bir Teorisine Do\u011fru\u00bb, bu konu psikolojide en \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan konulardan biri haline geldi.\u00a0\u00d6z-yeterlik psikologlar ve e\u011fitimciler aras\u0131nda neden bu kadar \u00f6nemli bir konu haline geldi?<\/p>\n Bandura ve di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6z-yeterlik zihinsel durumlardan davran\u0131\u015fa ve motivasyona kadar her \u015feyi etkileyebilir.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00d6z yeterlilik, hangi hedeflerin pe\u015finden gitti\u011fimizi, onlara nas\u0131l ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve kendi performans\u0131m\u0131za nas\u0131l yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\n Kendi ba\u015farma yetene\u011fimize olan inanc\u0131m\u0131z, nas\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ve d\u00fcnyadaki yerimiz hakk\u0131nda nas\u0131l hissetti\u011fimizde rol oynar.<\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlili\u011fin rol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n Hemen hemen t\u00fcm insanlar ula\u015fmak istedikleri hedefleri, de\u011fi\u015ftirmek istedikleri \u015feyleri ve ba\u015farmak istedikleri \u015feyleri belirleyebilirler.\u00a0Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu insan bu planlar\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmenin o kadar kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da fark\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0Bandura ve ark. bir bireyin \u00f6z yeterlili\u011finin hedeflere, g\u00f6revlere ve zorluklara nas\u0131l yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Y\u00fcksek \u00f6z yeterlili\u011fe sahip olmak iyidir.\u00a0\u00d6z yeterlik duygusu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan ki\u015filer:<\/p>\n \u00d6te yandan, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6z yeterlili\u011fin bir\u00e7ok zararl\u0131 etkisi olabilir.\u00a0\u00d6z yeterlili\u011fi zay\u0131f olan ki\u015filer:<\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlik bazen benlik sayg\u0131s\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, ancak aralar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r.\u00a0\u00d6z-yeterlik ve benlik sayg\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?\u00a0\u00d6z yeterlilik, \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olma yetene\u011finiz hakk\u0131nda nas\u0131l hissetti\u011finizi ifade ederken, benlik sayg\u0131s\u0131, kendi de\u011ferinize ve de\u011ferinize olan sayg\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n \u00d6z-yeterlik ile \u00f6zg\u00fcven ayn\u0131 \u015fey midir?\u00a0Bu iki terim birbiriyle ili\u015fkili olsa da baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r.\u00a0\u00d6zg\u00fcven daha geneldir ve bir ki\u015finin t\u00fcm ba\u011flamlarda kendisine olan genel inanc\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.\u00a0\u00d6te yandan, \u00f6z-yeterlik daha spesifik ve ba\u011flama ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Bir ki\u015fi bir alanda (\u00f6rne\u011fin akademisyenler) y\u00fcksek \u00f6z-yeterlili\u011fe ve di\u011fer alanlarda (\u00f6rne\u011fin spor) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6z-yeterlili\u011fe sahip olabilir.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00f6z-yeterlili\u011fin benlik sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir yorday\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u00a0Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, y\u00fcksek \u00f6z yeterlili\u011fe sahip insanlar ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcksek benlik sayg\u0131s\u0131na sahip olma e\u011filimindedir ve bunun tersi de ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlik nas\u0131l geli\u015fir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Erken \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde \u00e7e\u015fitli deneyimler, g\u00f6revler ve durumlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131karak \u00f6z-yeterlik duygumuzu geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flar\u0131z.\u00a0Bununla birlikte, \u00f6z-yeterlilikteki b\u00fcy\u00fcme gen\u00e7likte bitmez, ancak insanlar yeni beceriler, deneyimler ve anlay\u0131\u015f kazand\u0131k\u00e7a ya\u015fam boyunca geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n D\u00f6rt t\u00fcr \u00f6z-yeterlik nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Bandura, \u00f6z-yeterlili\u011fin d\u00f6rt ana kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlad\u0131.\u00a0\u00d6z yeterlili\u011fe ula\u015fman\u0131n d\u00f6rt yolu, ustal\u0131k deneyimleri, sosyal modelleme, sosyal ikna ve psikolojik tepkilerdir.<\/p>\n B\u0130L\u0130N\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k<\/strong>, ki\u015fili\u011finiz, eylemleriniz, de\u011ferleriniz, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z, duygular\u0131n\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriniz dahil olmak \u00fczere sizi bir birey olarak siz yapan \u015feyleri alg\u0131lama ve anlama yetene\u011fidir.\u00a0Esasen, benli\u011fin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 haline geldi\u011fi zihinsel bir durumdur.<\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, kim oldu\u011funuz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olsa da her g\u00fcn\u00fcn her an\u0131na odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.\u00a0Bunun yerine, \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k, kim oldu\u011funuzun dokusuna dokunur ve duruma ve ki\u015fili\u011finize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 zamanlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n Bu, benlik kavram\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ilk unsurlar\u0131ndan biridir.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar kendilerinin tamamen fark\u0131nda olarak do\u011fmazlar.\u00a0Bununla birlikte, kan\u0131tlar bebeklerin ilkel bir \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k duygusuna sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Bebekler, y\u00fczlerine bir \u015fey s\u00fcrt\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bebe\u011fin meme ucu arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck refleksi gibi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, di\u011ferlerinden ayr\u0131 varl\u0131klar olduklar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0Bilim adamlar\u0131 ayr\u0131ca yeni do\u011fanlar\u0131n bile kendi dokunu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n dokunu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebildiklerini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zihinsel g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturmaya y\u00f6nelik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in oynat’ a bas\u0131n<\/p>\n LCSW’ nin ba\u015f edit\u00f6r\u00fc ve terapisti Amy Morin’ in ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Verywell Mind Podcast, her g\u00fcn zihinsel g\u00fcc\u00fcn nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.\u00a0Hemen dinlemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fimi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k duygusunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 18 ayl\u0131kken \u00e7ok daha geli\u015fmi\u015f hale geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Lewis ve Brooks-Gunn, \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015fti\u011fini inceleyen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bebe\u011fin burnuna k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir nokta yerle\u015ftirdiler ve sonra onu bir aynaya tuttular.\u00a0Aynada kendilerini tan\u0131yan \u00e7ocuklar, yans\u0131malar\u0131ndan ziyade burunlar\u0131na uzand\u0131lar, bu da en az\u0131ndan bir miktar \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011fa sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n Lewis ve Brooks-Gunn, bir ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki neredeyse hi\u00e7bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun aynadaki yans\u0131mas\u0131 yerine kendi burnuna uzanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n 15 ila 18 ayl\u0131k bebeklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k % 25’i, 21 ila 24 ayl\u0131k bebeklerin yakla\u015f\u0131k% 70’ine k\u0131yasla burunlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Lewis ve Brooks-Gunn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bebeklerin g\u00f6rsel \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine dikkat edilmelidir;\u00a0\u00c7ocuklar asl\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n bu erken a\u015famas\u0131nda bile ba\u015fka \u00f6z-fark\u0131ndal\u0131k bi\u00e7imlerine sahip olabilirler.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar Lewis, Sullivan, Stanger ve Weiss, duygular\u0131n ifadesinin \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer insanlarla ilgili olarak kendisi hakk\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yetene\u011fini de i\u00e7erdi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n Bilim adamlar\u0131, beynin frontal lobda bulunan anterior singulat korteks ad\u0131 verilen bir alan\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fcler.\u00a0Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bu b\u00f6lgenin kendini bilen yeti\u015fkinlerde aktive oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in beyin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemeyi de kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Lewis ve Brooks-Gunn deneyi, anterior singulat korteksteki i\u011fsi h\u00fccrelerin h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fan bir ya\u015f olan 18 ayl\u0131k \u00e7ocuklarda \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, bir hastan\u0131n, insula ve anterior singulat korteks de dahil olmak \u00fczere beynin b\u00f6lgelerine b\u00fcy\u00fck hasar vermesine ra\u011fmen \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011funu buldu.<\/p>\n Bu, bu beyin b\u00f6lgelerinin \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fc i\u00e7in gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bunun yerine beyin a\u011flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f etkile\u015fimlerden kaynaklanabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k d\u00fczeyleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Peki \u00e7ocuklar kendilerinin ayr\u0131 varl\u0131klar olarak tam olarak nas\u0131l fark\u0131na var\u0131rlar?\u00a0Geli\u015fim psikolo\u011fu Philippe Rochat taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131t\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k teorisi, be\u015f \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k seviyesi oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.\u00a0\u00c7ocuklar do\u011fumdan yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 veya 5 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015famalardan ge\u00e7erler:<\/p>\n Farkl\u0131la\u015fma:<\/strong> \u00c7ocuk kendi yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131maya ba\u015flar.\u00a0Yans\u0131malar\u0131na bakman\u0131n farkl\u0131 veya \u00f6zel bir yan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffedebilirler.<\/p>\n Durum:<\/strong> \u00c7ocuk kendi yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hareketlerini onu \u00e7evreleyen \u015feyden ayr\u0131 olarak tan\u0131maya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n \u00d6zde\u015fle\u015fme:<\/strong> Bu, \u00e7ocu\u011fun aynada kendi yans\u0131mas\u0131 oldu\u011funu tam olarak bildi\u011fi a\u015famad\u0131r.\u00a0Biliyorlar: \u00abBu benim.\u00bb<\/p>\n Kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k:<\/strong> Tam bir benlik duygusuna sahiptirler ve g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri de\u011fi\u015fse bile kendilerini foto\u011fraflarda veya videolarda tan\u0131mlayabilirler.<\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k:<\/strong> \u00c7ocuk kendisi hakk\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131s bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir; ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n onlar\u0131 belirli bir \u015fekilde alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark ederler.\u00a0Bu, gurur veya utan\u00e7 gibi duygulara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k t\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Psikologlar genellikle \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki farkl\u0131 t\u00fcre ay\u0131r\u0131r: kamusal ve \u00f6zel.<\/p>\n Halk\u0131n \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcr, insanlar ba\u015fkalar\u0131na nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcklerinin bilincinde olduklar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0Halk\u0131n \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle insanlar\u0131n spot \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu durumlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcr bir \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k genellikle insanlar\u0131 sosyal normlara uymaya zorlar.\u00a0\u0130zlendi\u011fimizin ve yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fumuzda, genellikle sosyal olarak kabul edilebilir ve arzu edilen bir \u015fekilde davranmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n Sosyal \u00f6z bilin\u00e7, insanlar\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l alg\u0131land\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda depresif, endi\u015feli veya endi\u015feli hale geldikleri yarg\u0131lama kayg\u0131s\u0131na da yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n Halk\u0131n \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00f6rnekler<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck bir sunum yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda i\u015fyerinde halk\u0131n \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 deneyimleyebilirsiniz.\u00a0Bunu bir grup arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131za bir hik\u00e2ye anlatarak da deneyimleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n \u00d6zel \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcr, insanlar kendilerinin belirli y\u00f6nlerinin fark\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, ancak yaln\u0131zca \u00f6zel bir \u015fekilde.\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin, aynada y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6rmek bir t\u00fcr \u00f6zel \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6zel \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00d6nemli bir s\u0131nava \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 unuttu\u011funuzu fark etti\u011finizde midenizde batma hissi veya sevdi\u011finiz birini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde kalbinizde \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131nma hissi de \u00f6zel \u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00f6rnekleridir.<\/p>\n Sunum-\u00f6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k <\/strong><\/a>\u0130ndir<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n Sunum-g\u00fcven-ve-etkililik <\/strong><\/a>\u0130ndir<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Rol yapma: ET\u0130K KARARLAR VERME<\/strong><\/p>\n Rol playing_self awereness<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n Rol playing_self etkinlik<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlilik \u2013 egzersiz: https:\/\/wordwall.net\/pl\/resource\/56962863<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6z yeterlilik videosu: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xF60mBAkjcc<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u2013 egzersiz: https:\/\/wordwall.net\/pl\/resource\/56961188<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u2013 Video: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=WmxZS4Cl5Mk<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n MALZEMELER <\/strong>\u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k<\/em>:<\/strong><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.proprofs.com\/quiz-school\/story.php?title=how-selfaware-are-you<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n https:\/\/myquestionlife.com\/test-samopowiedzdomo\u015bci\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n https:\/\/wordmint.com\/public_puzzles\/30199<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n MALZEMELER <\/em><\/strong>\u00f6z yeterlik:<\/em><\/p>\n https:\/\/quizlet.com\/104292964\/teoria-samoskuteNO\u015aCI-flash-cards\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n excelatlife.com\/questionnaires\/self-efficacy.htm<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n https:\/\/positivepsychology.com\/self-efficacy-scales\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n K\u0130TAPLARBandura, a<\/strong>.: \u00d6z yeterlik: kontrol egzersizi<\/em> . Commons, M. L. ve Richards, F. a.: \u00a0\u00ab \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k: Do\u011fas\u0131 ve geli\u015fimi<\/em> \u00ab. Schunk, D. H. ve Zimmerman, B. J.: \u00ab\u00d6z Yeterlili\u011fin G\u00fcc\u00fc: \u00d6\u011fretme ve \u00d6\u011frenme i\u00e7in \u00c7\u0131kar\u0131mlar.\u00bb Schwarzer, R.: \u00ab \u00d6z yeterlik: eylemler \u00fczerindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin kontrol\u00fc<\/em> \u00bb. Goleman, D.: \u00bb Duygusal zeka: neden IQ’dan daha \u00f6nemli olabilir<\/em>? Conklin, T.D. ve Lunenburg, F.C.: \u00a0\u00ab \u00d6zy\u00f6netim ve Liderlik Geli\u015fimi<\/em> \u00ab.<\/p>\n WEB S\u0130TES\u0130NE BA\u011eLANTILAR<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00d6z fark\u0131ndal\u0131k ve \u00f6z-yeterlik G\u0130R\u0130\u015e \u00d6z yeterlik \u00d6z yeterlilik, bir ki\u015finin bir g\u00f6revi tamamlama veya bir hedefe ula\u015fma yetene\u011fine olan inanc\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Kendine g\u00fcveni ve ki\u015finin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme, \u00e7evreyi etkileme ve bir hedefe ula\u015fma konusunda motive olma becerisini i\u00e7erir.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar okul, i\u015f, ili\u015fkiler ve di\u011fer \u00f6nemli alanlar gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli durumlarda ve alanlarda \u00f6z yeterlili\u011fe sahip olabilirler. Bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-full-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120,"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/84\/revisions\/120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceevet.eu\/turkish\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
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\nGiri\u015fimci<\/strong><\/a> .
\nHarvard Business Review \u2013 Liderlik ve \u0130nsan Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/a> .
\nStanford Sosyal \u0130novasyon \u0130ncelemesi<\/strong><\/a> .
\nForbes Liderli\u011fi<\/strong><\/a> .
\nve Tic. A.\u015e. Liderli\u011fi .<\/strong><\/a>
\nTED Konu\u015fmalar\u0131 \u2013 Liderlik<\/strong><\/a> .
\nMIT Sloan Y\u00f6netim \u0130ncelemesi \u2013 Liderlik<\/strong><\/a> .
\nHarvard Business School – Liderlik ve De\u011ferler<\/strong><\/a> .
\n\u0130\u015f Haberleri G\u00fcnl\u00fck – Liderlik<\/strong><\/a> .<\/p>\n